requirements engineering

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Topic outline for Mini SysML Workshop (4-Day) and SysMLv1 Language Intro (4-Day or 3-Day) course versions: 'Model-Based Systems Engineering with the OMG's Systems Modeling Language v1 (SysML®) and the MagicDraw/Cameo (CATIA Magic™) tools for SysML'

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The requirement diagram is a new SysML diagram type. A requirement diagram provides a modeling construct for text- based requirements, and the relationship between requirements and other model elements that satisfy or verify them.

Source

OMG Systems Modeling Language (SysML) 1.6

Webel Parsing Analysis is a "meta-process" that can be applied to general domain source documents to elicit Requirements (and related model elements) or to a Requirements Specification itself as a special case of a domain source document!

Not even the most experienced requirements engineers can easily state requirements perfectly in consistent requirements-friendly language first shot; requirements and constraints are often buried in the natural text of domain source documents.

«physicalRequirement»: satisfied by a structural element.

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OMG Systems Modeling Language (SysML) 1.6

«designConstraint»: satisfied by a block or part.

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OMG Systems Modeling Language (SysML) 1.6

«performanceRequirement»: satisfied by a value property.

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OMG Systems Modeling Language (SysML) 1.6

«interfaceRequirement»: satisfied by a port, conector, item flow, and/or constraint property.

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OMG Systems Modeling Language (SysML) 1.6

«functionalRequirement»: satisfied by an operation or behavior

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OMG Systems Modeling Language (SysML) 1.6

The non-normative extended requirements

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Tutorial

TRAIL: Webel's ultimate guide to Systems Modeling Language (v1) with MagicDraw/Cameo

Section

16:01: Requirements engineering in SysML

Slide kind

UML Profile Diagram

AbstractRequirement::/master : AbstractRequirement [0..*] This is a derived property that lists the master requirement for this slave requirement. The master attribute is derived from the supplier of the Copy dependency ...

Source

OMG Systems Modeling Language (SysML) 1.6

The master/slave relationship is indicated by the use of the copy relationship.

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OMG Systems Modeling Language (SysML) 1.6

A slave requirement is a requirement whose text property is a read-only copy of the text property of a master requirement. The text property of the slave requirement is constrained to be the same as the text property of the related master requirement.

Source

OMG Systems Modeling Language (SysML) 1.6

Since the concept of requirements reuse is very important in many applications, SysML introduces the concept of a slave requirement.

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OMG Systems Modeling Language (SysML) 1.6

Webel has suggested that SysMLv2 should support verification of each individual claim of more than one Element helping to Satisfy a Requirement.

The OMG SysML language deliberately does not aim to restrict users and tools to one strict systems engineering methodology; it provides flexible capabilities and options for use by many model-based systems engineering methodologies and tools.

In SysML more than one NamedElement can help Satisfy a single Requirement (which presents challenges for verifying satisfaction of Requirements). This is a conceptual challenge for requirements engineering in general, not just SysML!

MagicDraw/Cameo: If a particular symbol for a tool does not support compartments for the requirements relationships 'refines', 'satisfies', 'tracedFrom' and 'verifies' use a callout into a Note instead

A basic Requirement is an AbstractRequirement

Gallery

Tutorial

TRAIL: Webel's ultimate guide to Systems Modeling Language (v1) with MagicDraw/Cameo

Section

16:01: Requirements engineering in SysML

Slide kind

UML Profile Diagram

A most basic Requirement with a 'name', an 'id', and 'text'

Gallery

Tutorial

TRAIL: Webel's ultimate guide to Systems Modeling Language (v1) with MagicDraw/Cameo

Section

16:01: Requirements engineering in SysML

Slide kind

SysML Requirement Diagram

An entire specification can be decomposed into children requirements, which can be further decomposed into their children to define the requirements hierarchy.

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OMG Systems Modeling Language (SysML) 1.6

A composite requirement may state that the system shall do A and B and C, which can be decomposed into the child requirements that the system shall do A, the system shall do B, and the system shall do C

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OMG Systems Modeling Language (SysML) 1.6

A composite requirement can contain subrequirements in terms of a requirements hierarchy, specified using the UML namespace containment mechanism. This relationship enables a complex requirement to be decomposed into its containing child requirements.

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OMG Systems Modeling Language (SysML) 1.6

These include relationships for defining a requirements hierarchy, deriving requirements, satisfying requirements, verifying requirements, and refining requirements.

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OMG Systems Modeling Language (SysML) 1.6

Several requirements relationships are specified that enable the modeler to relate requirements to other requirements as well as to other model elements.

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OMG Systems Modeling Language (SysML) 1.6

A standard requirement includes properties to specify its unique identifier and text requirement. Additional properties such as verification status, can be specified by the user.

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OMG Systems Modeling Language (SysML) 1.6

A requirement is defined as a stereotype of UML Class subject to a set of constraints.

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OMG Systems Modeling Language (SysML) 1.6

The requirements modeling constructs are intended to provide a bridge between traditional requirements management tools and the other SysML models.

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OMG Systems Modeling Language (SysML) 1.6

The requirements diagram described in this clause can depict the requirements in graphical, tabular, or tree structure format. A requirement can also appear on other diagrams to show its relationship to other modeling elements.

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OMG Systems Modeling Language (SysML) 1.6

SysML provides modeling constructs to represent text-based requirements and relate them to other modeling elements.

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OMG Systems Modeling Language (SysML) 1.6

A requirement specifies a capability or condition that must (or should) be satisfied. A requirement may specify a function that a system must perform or a performance condition a system must achieve.

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OMG Systems Modeling Language (SysML) 1.6

The Verify relationship is shown on Figure 16-7 using callout notation anchored to the diagram frame, which indicates that the BurnishTest test case verifies the Burnish requirement.

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OMG Systems Modeling Language (SysML) 1.6

Figure 17-1 [Figure 16-7] is a state machine diagram of the BurnishTest test case, which expresses the textual sequence and criteria of the Burnish requirement in state machine form.

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OMG Systems Modeling Language (SysML) 1.6

The Burnish requirement is shown as having a Verify relationship to the BurnishTest test case using callout notation on the diagram, indicating that the Burnish requirement is verified by the BurnishTest test case.

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OMG Systems Modeling Language (SysML) 1.6

The example in Figure 16-6 is taken from the automotive safety domain, and shows a Burnish requirement contained in the NHTSASafetyRequirements requirement. Note that the text of the Burnish requirement indicates a specific sequence of steps and transitio

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OMG Systems Modeling Language (SysML) 1.6

TestCase::1_return_verdictkind The type of return parameter of the stereotyped model element shall be VerdictKind. (note this is consistent with the UML Testing Profile).

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OMG Systems Modeling Language (SysML) 1.6

A test case is a method for verifying a requirement is satisfied.

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OMG Systems Modeling Language (SysML) 1.6

Figure 16-6: Linkage of a Test Case to a requirement (and Figure 16-7)

Gallery

Tutorial

TRAIL: The SysML-1.6 Hybrid SUV sample and specification diagrams in MagicDraw/Cameo (with annotations) [UNDERGOING UPDATE to SysML1.7]

Section

Section: SysML-1.6 specification diagrams: 16 Requirements

Slide kind

SysML Requirement Diagram

SysML StateMachine Diagram

Figure 16-5: Use of the copy dependency to facilitate reuse

Gallery

Tutorial

TRAIL: The SysML-1.6 Hybrid SUV sample and specification diagrams in MagicDraw/Cameo (with annotations) [UNDERGOING UPDATE to SysML1.7]

Section

Section: SysML-1.6 specification diagrams: 16 Requirements

Slide kind

SysML Requirement Diagram

Satisfy::getSatisfies (in ref : NamedElement) : AbstractRequirement [0..*]

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OMG Systems Modeling Language (SysML) 1.6

Satisfy::1_supplier_is_requirement The supplier shall be an element stereotyped by any subtype of «AbstractRequirement».

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OMG Systems Modeling Language (SysML) 1.6

As with other dependencies, the arrow direction points from the satisfying (client) model element to the (supplier) requirement that is satisfied.

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OMG Systems Modeling Language (SysML) 1.6

A Satisfy relationship is a dependency between a requirement and a model element that fulfills the requirement.

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OMG Systems Modeling Language (SysML) 1.6

Figure 16-3: Links between requirements and design

Gallery

Tutorial

TRAIL: The SysML-1.6 Hybrid SUV sample and specification diagrams in MagicDraw/Cameo (with annotations) [UNDERGOING UPDATE to SysML1.7]

Section

Section: SysML-1.6 specification diagrams: 16 Requirements

Slide kind

SysML Requirement Diagram

SysML: MagicDraw/Cameo can optionally indicate Requirement IDs in tables

Note also that rationale can be attached to the «deriveReqt» relationship. In this case, rationale is provided by a referenced document “Hybrid Design Guidance.”

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OMG Systems Modeling Language (SysML) 1.6

Note how PowerSourceManagement is “RefinedBy” the HSUVOperationalStates model (Figure D.8).

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OMG Systems Modeling Language (SysML) 1.6

Various other model elements may be necessary to help develop a derived requirement, and these model element may be related by a «refinedBy» relationship.

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OMG Systems Modeling Language (SysML) 1.6

Derived requirements, for the purpose of this example, express the concepts of requirements in the HSUVSpecification in a manner that specifically relates them to the HSUV system.

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OMG Systems Modeling Language (SysML) 1.6

Figure D.12 shows a set of requirements derived from the lowest tier requirements in the HSUV specification.

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OMG Systems Modeling Language (SysML) 1.6

Figure D.12 - Establishing Derived Requirements and Rationale from Lowest Tier of Requirements Hierarchy

Gallery

Tutorial

TRAIL: The SysML-1.6 Hybrid SUV sample and specification diagrams in MagicDraw/Cameo (with annotations) [UNDERGOING UPDATE to SysML1.7]

Section

Section: SysML-1.6: HSUV sample

Slide kind

SysML Requirement Diagram

When a requirement has nested requirements, all the nested requirements apply as part of the container requirement. Deleting the container requirement deleted [deletes] the nested requirements, a functionality inherited from UML.

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OMG Systems Modeling Language (SysML) 1.6

Subrequirements shall be accessed through the "nestedClassifier" property of a class.

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OMG Systems Modeling Language (SysML) 1.6

The default interpretation of a compound requirement, unless stated differently by the compound requirement itself, is that all its subrequirements shall be satisfied for the compound requirement to be satisfied.

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OMG Systems Modeling Language (SysML) 1.6

Compound requirements can be created by using the nesting capability of the class definition mechanism.

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OMG Systems Modeling Language (SysML) 1.6

A requirement is a stereotype of both Class and Abstract Requirement.

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OMG Systems Modeling Language (SysML) 1.6

Requirements are used to establish a contract between the customer (or other stakeholder) and those responsible for designing and implementing the system.

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OMG Systems Modeling Language (SysML) 1.6

A requirement may specify a function that a system must perform or a performance condition that a system must satisfy.

Source

OMG Systems Modeling Language (SysML) 1.6

A requirement specifies a capability or condition that must (or should) be satisfied.

Source

OMG Systems Modeling Language (SysML) 1.6

Webel suggests using a verbose 'name' for leaf (child) Requirements but NO 'text' to prevent Single Source of Truth issues and for improved callout vs relationships (but this might not always work when syncing with external requirements management tools)

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